The recent creation of the metropolis of the Grand Paris, whose area is the same since 1860, encourages to an historial reflexion about the limits of the town, which is at the center of the biggest urban region in Europe since the Middle Ages.

The archaeological approach of the economies of the classical world is here implemented by production sectors and over the long term, well beyond classical Greece: deliberately putting aside the ceramic production, well studied elsewhere, the authors focus on areas of craft production generally poorly known by historians (textile, metallurgy, glass

From 1565 till 1569, a major rebellion took hold of the Flandre, Hainaut and Artois provinces. Noblemen came together and militated against the policies led by the king of Spain, Philip II, and his ministers. Soon, the rebels were given the nickname "Les Gueux" (or beggars), a derogatory term which they yet proudly reclaimed.

The historical analysis of the case files for both male and female primary school teachers who started their careers in the Seine district between 1870 and 1886 shows a much more diverse picture of the teaching profession than the one conveyed by the clichés of that time.

Viollet-le-Duc's activity as a contemporaneous architect and builder is often overshadowed by his actions as a restorer of medieval heritage. His implementations, his projects and his writings about this subject are nevertheless prolific, what fully justifies a renewed thinking about his works. From his construction sites to his aborted projects...

If French court is a classical subject in modern history, birth and early childhood in the curial environment constitute rare specifical research topics through the available academic works. However, many archives make possible to reconstitute what happens around the pregnant queens or princesses.

The limits and borders are not an erudite or formal story. Humans are always affected and delimited by the local jurisdictional boundaries (popular communities, lordships and parishes) and the air of influence linked to urban communities

Georges Lyon, the regional Chief Education Officer, facing the German invasion, decided in 1914 to remain committed to supporting school and university structures belonging to the occupied part of the Lille region in order to keep them alive. During the War, he wrote his Memoirs which can be considered as a precious testimony to better understand..