Emmanuel Macron's victory in the 2017 presidential election, then that of his party in the legislative elections, have called into question the classic analysis of political science on the role of political parties in presidential systems.

This book provides a better understanding of the issues at stake in the compensation of political mandates in France.

Behind the apparent disorder of the electoral and political scene, voting remains an act deeply rooted in social order.

Although strengthened by the NOTRe law (August 7, 2015), intermunicipal institutions remain (still) at the end of the 2020 municipal election campaign a level of public action that is not very visible to citizens. The electoral debates have not indeed produced the conditions for a (new) democratic debate on intercommunality.