The Great War tore the Roman Catholic Church: in both camps, it used the same religious references to legitimate the conflict. In the occupied dioceses, the confrontation of soldiers and civilians, churchgoers and priests of opposite nations maintained representations which were forbidding any real dialogue.

Living through a military occupation also means living with the enemy. The contributions presented here examine this idea, in 1914-18 just as in 1939-45 or during the periods of 'leaving wars'; in France and Belgium just as in Poland, Central Africa, or Germany. Between dialogue and power struggles, occupiers and occupied alike adapted to a ...

The cultural, territorial, social, and economic transformations of Europe between 1914 and 1945 were the product of two world wars within the context of modernization and world power ambitions. Europe From War to War –1914 - 1945 provides a comprehensive coverage of leaders' decisions as well as societal trends on a territory stretching from the...

How do the civilians face the supplies' disruption during the military occupation of Lille by the German army? To answer this question, the survey has to concern social relationships and redistribution of the powers, from 1914 until 1919, in a context of dramatic hardships and daily fears after the beginning of the war.

Between 1914 and 1918, the Nord and Pas-de-Calais geographical areas met numerous difficulties. About 70% of the Nord and 25% of the Pas-de-Calais had to face a strong German occupation. On the west part of the front line, the territory became a strategic place for the allied armies, landing on Calais, Boulogne and Dunkerque. With such terrible...

The history of Popular Education (Non Formal Education) has aroused research work for thirty years but yet no review of this work has been published. 28 contributions dealing with France, other European countries and Quebec focus on the complex relationship to school, gender and the political dimension of Popular Education.