Stéphane Lembré

How do the civilians face the supplies' disruption during the military occupation of Lille by the German army? To answer this question, the survey has to concern social relationships and redistribution of the powers, from 1914 until 1919, in a context of dramatic hardships and daily fears after the beginning of the war.

While the history of education often deals with pupils, it too rarely makes them full participants in the education system. However, pupils' participation refers to the challenge of living in a democracy.

Explain and contextualise the evolving difficulties of teachers in France (19^th-21^st centuries).

1918: the guns fall silent at last. However, there is nothing evident about coming out of the war. Whilst some long for a return to normality, others hope for a new future. These different aspirations and the continuous traces of the conflict still present complicate the advent of a "post-war world" which has yet to be defined.

The aim here is to place the student at the centre of analysis, whether under the authority of a preceptor or integrated into a school, and to study him or her over the long period of the 17th-20th centuries.

While the history of education often deals with pupils, it too rarely makes them full participants in the education system. However, pupils' participation refers to the challenge of living in a democracy.

Between 1914 and 1918, the Nord and Pas-de-Calais geographical areas met numerous difficulties. About 70% of the Nord and 25% of the Pas-de-Calais had to face a strong German occupation. On the west part of the front line, the territory became a strategic place for the allied armies, landing on Calais, Boulogne and Dunkerque. With such terrible...